The Lodger (1944)

It probably has to do with his name but Jack the Ripper has always intrigued me. Yes, the name is catchy. The killer actually signed one of his letters to the police as Jack the Ripper. The Ripper was obviously proud of his handiwork which made a bloody mess of his victims. Jack the Ripper was never caught nor was a suspect ever identified which makes his mystique all the more long lasting. My first encounter with Jack the Ripper was through a scary fictional short story by Robert Bloch (the author of PSYCHO) called Yours Truly, Jack the Ripper.

Although he may not be as popular as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the annals of film, Jack the Ripper has appeared in many movies.  In TIME AFTER TIME (1979), novelist H.G. Wells (Malcolm McDowell) chases Jack the Ripper (David Warner) via Wells' time machine from Victorian England to modern day San Francisco. More recently, FROM HELL (2001), based on the popular graphic novel written by Alan Moore starred Johnny Depp as an opium addicted detective tracking Jack the Ripper in 1888, a trail that leads him to the royal family.

THE LODGER (1944) based on Marie Belloc Lowndes novel has Jack the Ripper as a character. It is not the first film version of her novel. Alfred Hitchcock first filmed THE LODGER in 1927, one of his first films and his only silent film. In Hitchcock's THE LODGER, the killer is known as the Avenger.  In the 1944 version, directed by John Brahm and written by Barre Lyndon (who would write another version of THE LODGER titled THE MAN IN THE ATTIC starring Jack Palance in 1953), the killer is referred to mostly as the Ripper. In my vision of Jack the Ripper, he walks the fog shrouded streets of London in a black cloak and top hat, his knife held tightly against his side. THE LODGER upholds that image somewhat, sometimes for better, sometimes not.

THE LODGER is about a lodger, a person who rents out a room in another person's house. Only in this case, the lodger may or may not be Jack the Ripper. The film opens on a foggy night in 1888 in Whitechapel, a district in the poorer part of London. Another Ripper murder occurs (offscreen). A local actress has been savagely murdered. The police quickly converge on the murder scene by foot and horseback but the killer has vanished. Later that night, in an upper class part of London, a tall heavy set man named Slade (Laird Cregar) carrying a doctor's bag, rents a spare room from Robert Bonting (Sir Cedric Hardwicke) and his wife Ellen (Sara Allgood).  Slade is a bit odd, soft spoken for such a big man with a piercing stare. He says he's a pathologist. He works odd hours, often at night. He comes and goes through the back door. He loathes the portraits of Victorian actresses in his room and flips the frames over. Could Slade be ...? But, he pays his rent in advance, winning over Mrs. Bonting.

Also living with the Bonting's is their niece Kitty Langley (Merle Oberon), a famous singer/dancer who performs to big crowds at the Piccadilly Square Theater. Kitty is introduced to the eccentric lodger Mr. Slade. Slade seems to have a disdain for actresses and singers. Kitty invites him to come to one of her performances. When another actress Annie Rowley (Helena Pickard) is murdered, witnesses tell the police the killer carried a small black bag.  Mrs. Bonting catches Slade burning his medical bag the following morning and becomes suspicious.  Leading the Ripper investigation is Inspector John Warwick (George Sanders). Warwick pays a visit to Kitty who knew the victim Annie. Warwick sees a pattern in the Ripper's murders and warns Kitty to be careful. Mrs. Bonting begins to suspect Slade may be the Ripper but Mr. Bonting scoffs at the notion.

Kitty follows Slade one day to see where the eccentric lodger goes. She discovers Slade does work at a university medical office.  A few days later, after yet another Ripper murder, Kitty catches Slade burning some clothes that seem to be stained with blood. He says the blood was from an experiment at his laboratory. Kitty has her suspicions now. When Inspector Warwick pays Kitty another visit and meets Slade, Warwick tells Slade his theories on the Jack the Ripper killings. Slade nervously listens before excusing himself. Now Warwick suspects Slade but he needs proof.

Warwick and Bonting attempt to match Slade's fingerprints from a water glass with fingerprints found at the crime scenes but the prints are inconclusive. It's the night of Kitty's big show.  Slade sneaks out of the house and arrives at the theater to watch Kitty perform, his murderous impulses building in him as Kitty sings and dances to a packed house. Warwick has the police staked out throughout the theater but Slade manages to slip into Kitty's dressing room. This time, Slade wants to take Kitty away with him but Kitty's screams alert Warwick and the police. A chase ensures throughout the theater as Warwick and the police try to capture Slade/the Ripper before he can kill again.

I would have liked to have seen more of the Ripper stalking the streets, hiding in the shadows, his dark shape silhouetted by the fog and gas lamps but director Brahm seemed deadset on barely showing the Ripper when it's obvious that Slade is the Ripper.  Only at the end of the film does Slade/the Ripper actually pull out a knife. But where the film skimps on the physical presence of the Ripper on the streets of London, THE LODGER makes up for it with a chilling psychological profile of Slade.  His hatred for theater actresses stems from the death of his brother, an artist who killed himself over an actress. Slade tells Kitty it was the "beauty of women that led him to his destruction." Slade sees actresses as seducers of men. "Lovely women drive men down," he tells Kitty. His devotion to his dead brother (he carries a small portrait of his dead brother) and the vengeance he seeks against the type of women who destroyed his brother is creepy.

Slade also talks about his love of the river, how he finds it soothing. The water allows Slade to cleanse his hands of blood, to wash his sins from himself. Ironically, when Slade/the Ripper is cornered by Warwick and the police in the film's finale, Slade jumps through a window into the Thames River where he supposedly dies.  But in the final frames, as Slade's body floats by, it appears as though his leg kicks out in the water. Perhaps the water has resurrected the Ripper.

There is also a sexual tone to the Ripper's killings. The murders seem to be a sexual climax for Slade. Inspector Warwick notes that the killings are cyclical - every 10 to 12 days. That's the amount of time it takes for Slade/Ripper to become aroused for his next slaying. Whereas Slade has hatred for most of the actresses he encounters, his glare seem lustful toward Kitty.  She's different. She's nice to him. When he corners her after her performance, he wants to take her with him, not kill her like his previous victims.

One of appealing aspects of THE LODGER are its three leading actors.  Merle Oberon (who I had never seen in a film before) is stunning as Kitty.  With her beautiful, porcelain face, Oberon looks like she could play Marie Antoinette or Catherine the Great. Her Kitty is a strong character. At one point in THE LODGER, she becomes the detective, following Slade to his university medical pathology lab, trying to learn more about this mysterious behemoth.  She's cool under pressure, even when he surprises her in her dressing room. Oberon also gets to show off her musical talents, performing in two musical numbers.

I've become a huge George Sanders fan since starting this blog and this is my third film I've reviewed that he's in. Sanders plays Inspector Warwick in THE LODGER. Sanders seemed to play either cads in films like REBECCA (1940) or THE GHOST AND MRS. MUIR (1947) or charming heroes in FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT (1940) or THE SAINT STRIKES BACK (1939).  Even as a man of the law, Warwick has no problem trying to woo Kitty who he is sworn to protect.  In today's world, that would be considered sexual harassment. In 1944, it was romantic.  Kitty and Warwick have a great scene where he invites her to the Scotland Yard Black Museum for a date and some questions about the lodger. Warwick flirts with her as she asks about murder weapons and nooses that killed numerous famous London killers. It's a nice bit of levity in this gripping tale.

The real revelation of THE LODGER is Laird Cregar as Slade/the Ripper.  Like Oberon, I had never seen Cregar before but his portrayal of the famous killer is haunting. He brings a pathos to his role with his soft voice but hulking exterior. The audience sympathizes with him for the loss of his brother. At times, Slade is charming and almost like an overgrown child. But director Brahm along with cinematographer Lucien Ballard (who would shoot many of Sam Peckinpah's films) know how to make Slade menacing too. Slade is often photographed from a low angle to make him look large and menacing. Ballard uses low key lights to highlight Slade's deathly stare. The deranged look that Slade/the Ripper gives the police when they have him trapped and cornered like an animal in the theater's rafters is unforgettable.

There would be pathos in actor Laird Cregar's life.  An up and coming actor who could play comedy or drama in films like HEAVEN CAN WAIT (1943) and THIS GUN FOR HIRE (1942), Cregar would act in director John Brahm's next film HANGOVER SQUARE (1944), also starring George Sanders.  But to play the role, Cregar would go on a drastic diet without medical supervision to try to slim down his husky frame. He died of a heart attack shortly after HANGOVER SQUARE was completed. Cregar was only thirty-one years old. Cregar's performance in THE LODGER hints at great possibilities that will never be.

The real Jack the Ripper murdered prostitutes. Because of Moral Film Codes at the time, the Ripper's victims couldn't be prostitutes so the filmmakers chose stage actresses instead. Besides this trade off and the lack of suspense when the Ripper does carry out his bloody deeds, director Brahm and cameraman Ballard make THE LODGER very atmospheric and moody with foggy cobblestone sets, nice use of shadows and light both indoors and outdoors, and some wonderful low and high angle shots not usually seen in films of the 1940's. Director Brahms had a nice film career as a director and would move on to a longer career directing television series like TWILIGHT ZONE, THE ALFRED HITCHCOCK HOUR, and toward the end of his career THE MAN FROM U.N.C.L.E.

THE LODGER is a worthy effort to the Jack the Ripper genre.  Thanks to a fantastically sinister portrayal of the murderous fiend by Laird Creger and some fine direction, lighting, and camerawork by the team of Brahm and Ballard, THE LODGER is a nice modern compliment to Hitchcock's first take on the Jack the Ripper character in his 1927 LODGER version.  I have not viewed the earlier version yet but plan on watching it sometime in the future. The modern world has seen many serial killers in the last half century (Ted Bundy, the Green River Killer, the Boston Strangler) but the first serial killer that caught the media's attention and later the world was Jack the Ripper.

Star Wars (1977)

Once upon a time, in a galaxy, far far away.

I was twelve years old when STAR WARS was first released. The week before it came out, Time Magazine had a review of the film and tantalizing photos. I still have that Time Magazine. I saw STAR WARS only three times so I wasn't as geeky as some who saw it 15 or 20 times. I remember standing in line with my parents at the Westgate Theater in Beaverton, Oregon in May of 1977. STAR WARS only opened at two theaters in Portland (the Westgate on the west side and the Eastgate on the east side) so the lines were long but worth it. We, the audience, were spellbound as the opening scroll began. It was like nothing we had ever seen before. Enormous spaceships and princesses and robots and aliens and a bad guy with a breathing problem and a giant furry sidekick known as a Wookie.  I asked my Dad recently if he remembered seeing STAR WARS with me and he didn't. But for adults in their mid-forties like me, it was a film that changed the movie going experience forever.

Flash forward twenty one years later and I'm trying to find a hobby or something that my son Chris and I can enjoy together. Writer/Director George Lucas re-releases the STAR WARS trilogy for a new new generation with some added special effects and scenes he couldn't pull off when first released. Bingo! My son and I bond over Luke Skywalker and light sabers. He takes to STAR WARS like a duck to water. Suddenly, he wants STAR WARS toys left and right. We found a connection.

In between the first time I saw STAR WARS and the revisiting the film with my son, I remember catching part of STAR WARS on television when I was in college. I saw a scene when the Empire's Tie fighters were attacking Han Solo's Millennium Falcon cargo ship. Suddenly, the spaceships looked like models. The magic I remembered as a teenager was gone. College and girls and homework had clouded my enchanted memories from 1977.

Before George Lucas made STAR WARS, the science fiction film was hit and miss. PLANET OF THE APES (1968) was a clever film but it didn't have space ships or robots in it. Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A SPACE ODYSSEY (1968) is probably the single greatest Sci-Fi film ever made and its influence on STAR WARS is very evident. But STAR WARS is really a space fantasy film.  There's no real science to it. Lucas borrows elements from mythology like King Arthur and Japanese samurais and throws in his own childhood memories of Saturday Matinee cliffhangers, Robin Hood, and Westerns.

From the very first trumpets from composer John Williams score, STAR WARS announces that it is going to be a special film. A giant Imperial Star Cruiser chases a smaller transport ship carrying Princess Leia (Carrie Fisher). Leia, who is part of the Rebel Alliance, has stolen the plans to the Death Star, a deadly space station the evil Galactic Empire has built which can destroy entire planets.  Leia's ship is overtaken so she secretly places the plans and a message inside a diminutive robot R2D2 (Kenny Baker). R2D2 along with another droid CP30 (Anthony Daniels) hide in an escape pod and are jettisoned to the nearby planet Tatooine. Leia is captured by the menacing Darth Vader (voice provided by James Earl Jones; acted by David Prowse) and sent back to the Death Star where Grand Moff Tarkin (Peter Cushing) plots the Empire's next move to destroy the Rebels. Vader orders Imperial Stormtroopers (the Empire's soldiers) to find those blueprints.

On the arid and desolate desert planet Tatooine, R2D2 and C3PO bicker like Laurel and Hardy. They split up to find help only to both be caught by little robed creatues called Jawas, Tatooine's version of used car salesmen. The Jawas sell the two robots to a farmer named Owen (Phil Brown) and his nephew Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill).  Luke dreams of being a fighter pilot for the Rebel Alliance. While cleaning R2D2, Luke discovers a holographic message from Leia to Obi-Wan Kenobi seeking his help. Luke knows of an old hermit living in the nearby canyons that goes by Ben Kenobi.  R2D2 sneaks away during the night to find Obi-Wan. Luke and C3PO chase after the small robot the next morning.

While looking for R2D2, Luke and C3PO are attacked by the Sand People. Obi-Wan Kenobi (Alec Guinness) scares the Sand People away and brings Luke and the robots back to his home. After he sees Leia's message asking for help to defeat the Empire, Obi-Wan reveals that he was once a Jedi Knight and knew Luke's father. Obi-Wan asks Luke to join them but Luke's reluctant.  But when the Storm Troopers murder Luke's aunt and uncle, Luke wants to avenge their deaths and his destiny is chosen. They head to the town of Mos Eisley to find a ship that can take them to Alderaan, Leia's home planet.

The group meet up with mercenary and smuggler Han Solo (Harrison Ford) and his tall furry sidekick Chewbacca (Peter Mayhew) who will take them to Alderaan...for a price.  Solo's ship the Millennium Falcon gets them out of Tatooine but when they reach Alderaan, it's gone, destroyed by the Empire.  The Falcon then discovers the Death Star and gets captured by it's tractor beam. Luke, Solo, Obi-Wan, and the rest of the group hide within the massive space station and discover that Princess Leia is on board.  After breaking Leia out of her prison cell, the heroes escape the Death Star but only after Obi-Wan disables the tractor beam and sacrifices his life during a light saber duel with his nemesis and former pupil Darth Vader.

Leia takes Luke and Han back to a nearby moon where the Rebels have a base.  She gives the Rebels the Death Star blueprints and the Rebels prepare for an all out attack on the Death Star. Luke joins the X-Wing Squadron while Han collects his reward.  The films ends with Luke and the Rebels in a space dogfight against Darth Vader and the Empire as the Rebels attempt to destroy the Death Star.

A few months ago, I introduced my niece to STAR WARS while at the beach. It was my first time watching the film in quite some time.  Several things jumped out at me afterward. Harrison Ford as Han Solo steals the film. He chews up every scene he's in and brings much humor to the film, something that was sorely missing in Lucas's reboot of the STAR WARS saga recently. The film's opening third is actually quite slow. After the amazing opening shot of the Imperial Cruiser chasing the smaller spacecraft, the film sort of plods along as the robots C3PO and R2D2 stumble around Tatooine. Not until Luke, Obi-Wan, and the robots meet Han and Chewbacca at the Mos Eisley Cantina does the film take off again.

For as much as STAR WARS special effects astound us, the film at times does show its limited budget (STAR WARS was made for a paltry $13 million dollars).  In interviews, Lucas always talks about not having enough time or money (and technology) to do some of the stuff he wanted to do in STAR WARS. The oversized helmets worn by both the Rebels and the Empire's men are pretty goofy. A dramatic escape into a garbage compactor hints at some scary creature amongst the garbage but Lucas never shows it. Even the various alien creatures in the famous Cantina bar scene are kind of a mish mash of rubber masks and styrofoam appendages.

But where he lacked money, Lucas made up for it with ingenuity and inventiveness. He gave his characters cool names. Han Solo. Luke Skywalker. Darth Vader. Obi-Wan Kenobi. He created non-human characters just as memorable. Chewbacca. C3PO. R2D2. He created his own mythology with the Force, an aura and power that can be used for good or evil and Jedi Knights like Obi-Wan who were protectors of the Old Republic. Lucas used his money wisely, investing it in amazing special effects and incredible space ships that are as distinctive and unique as each character. And to give his space fantasy some legitimacy, he cast distinguished actors like Alec Guinness as Obi-Wan Kenobi and Peter Cushing as Tarkin. How nice to see Peter Cushing, who starred in countless Hammer horror films and other low budget monster pictures, appear in a film that would become one of the all time biggest grossing films.

Because STAR WARS was such a colossal hit, Lucas would never have to worry as much about having the money to make his vision of his films again.  In fact, Lucas would create a company called Industrial Light and Magic (or ILM) which would become the premier special effects company in Hollywood and has since changed film making altogether with computer generated effects today.

Lucas's casting for STAR WARS is a credit to the film's appeal. Yes, Harrison Ford became a huge star after STAR WARS with his performance as Han Solo and steals the film in my opinion but Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker is really the person that drives the film and who the audience identifies with. Luke is like every teenage boy and girl who first saw the film. He's an innocent, full of dreams and aspirations but stuck doing mundane chores as he helps his uncle and aunt on their farm. Solo and Luke have a fun rivalry going throughout the film whether it be who shot down the most Tie Fighters to who can get more attention from Princess Leia. Solo is big brother to Luke's little brother. Carrie Fischer as Leia is strong and independent and a great role model for girls.  Leia is not a defenseless, cowering princess. She's not afraid to grab a blaster and shoot some Storm Troopers or bark orders to Luke and Solo. I did have a crush on Princess Leia as did many Star Wars geeks after watching STAR WARS.

STAR WARS forever changed Hollywood.  It changed it in both good and bad ways. Every summer now, beginning in May, Hollywood releases its big blockbuster films like THOR or TRANSFORMERS, hoping for another STAR WARS, trying to make as much money as they can with movies that are big on visual and special effects. Sometimes the story and acting gets lost amongst all the action.  The little film, strong on character and situations, got pushed aside when the STAR WARS phenomenon began. That's one of the casualties of STAR WARS.

But George Lucas got it right with his first STAR WARS trilogy.  Yes, he had the big spectacle with unique worlds and space crafts we'd never seen before. But he also told the simple story of a young boy becoming a man and the obstacles he had to overcome and the allies he had to make along the way. When we all saw STAR WARS for the first time or the 20th time, it was the beginning of our journey from adolescence to adulthood. And when we had kids of our own, we took the journey back to adolescence to enjoy STAR WARS all over again with the next generation of geeks.